shekhawati university last year question paper
Pdusu exam paper 2016 chemistry paper -1
B.SC. (part-1) Examination 2016
CHEMISTRY
Paper-1
(Inorganic Chemistry)
Unit-III Arenes and Aromaticity: Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. The aryl group, aromatic nucleus and side chain. Structure of benzene: molecular formula and Kekule structure. Stability and carbon-carbon bond lengths of benzene, resonance structure, MO picture. Aromaticity: The Huckel rule and its applications. Energy level, molecular orbital diagram (ethane, 1-3-butadiene, benzene). Aromatic electrophilic substitution: General pattern of the mechanism, role of sigma and it-complexes, mechanism of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, and Friedel-Crafts reaction. Effect of substituent groups (inductive, mesomeric and hyperconjugative effect), activating and deactivating groups, directive influence of groups, determination of orientation up to disubstituted derivatives, ortho/para ratio, Birch Reduction. Method of formation and chemical reactions of benzene, alkyl benzenes and biphenyl. Alkyl and Aryl Halides: Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides, methods of formation, chemical reactions. Mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution, reactions of alkyl halides Sn2 and Snl reacuons with energy profile diagrams. Methods of formation of aryl halides, nuclear and side chain reactions. The addition-elimination and the elimination-addition mechanisms of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Relative reactivities of alkyl halides Vis allyl vinyl and aryl halides. Preparation and properties of vinly, allyl and benzyl halides. Synthesis and uses of DDT and BHC.
Unit-IV Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: Concept of isomerism. Types of isomerism. Optical Isomerism : Elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centres, diastereomers, threo and erythro diastereomers, meso compounds resolution of enantiomers, inversion, retention and racemization, Asymmetric synthesis. Relative and absolute configuration, sequence rule, D&L and R&S systems of nomenclature. Geometric isomerism: Determination of configuration of geometrical isomers, E & Z system of nomenclature, geometric isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds. Conformational isomerism: Conformational analysis of ethane and n-butane. Newman projection and Sawhorse formulae. Fischer and flying wedge formulae. Difference between configuration and conformation.
Unit-V Electromagnetic Spectrum: Absorption Spectra Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy: Absorption laws (Beer-Lambert law), molar absorptivity, presentation and analysis of UV spectra, types of electronic transitions, effect of conjugation. Concept of chromophore and auxochrome. Bathochromic, hypsochromic, hyperchromic and hypochromic shifts. Absorption bands of simple molecules like alkenes,
Unit-I
Ionic Bond: General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio' and coordination number, Madelung-constant, Born-Haber cycle, Applications of lattice energy, polarizing power, polarizability, Fajan's rules, hydration energy, solubility of ionic-compounds, defects in structures, Frankel and Schottky defects, Non-stoichiometric compounds. Solids: Metallic bond: Qualitative idea of free electron, valence bond and band theories, semiconductors and insulators, conduction in ionic solids, electrical and magnetic properties of solids, introduction to superconductors and super-conductivity.
shekhawati university last year paper
Unit-II Covalent bond: General characteristics, Valence bond theory and its limitations. Directional characteristics of covalent bond, Resonance and resonance energy, Hybridisation involving sp and d-orbitals. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory to NH3, H2O, H30*, SF4, CIF3, ICI, shapes of simple inorganic molecules and ions. Dipole moment, percentage ionic-character from dipole moment and electronegativity difference. Molecular Orbital Theory: Detailed description of linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO), Homonuclear (H2. Hez, B2,C2,N2,02,F2)and heteronuclear diatomic molecules (CO. NO) and their ions, comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, multicentre bonding in electron deficient molecules, bond strength and bond energy.
